CHUANXIAO
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05
2022
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09
24 Self protection Methods in Fire (Part 1)
Correctly use the "119" telephone: when giving an alarm, you should first be calm and not panic. First, you should clarify the fire unit, address, burning object and fire situation, and tell the name and telephone number of the alarm person to the fire brigade for contact. After the alarm, the fire truck shall be picked up at the traffic intersection leading to the fire scene by himself or by someone assigned; Second, call the police early to buy time for fire fighting and reduce losses.
1. Correctly use the "119" telephone: when giving an alarm, you should first be calm and not panic. First, you should clarify the fire unit, address, burning object and fire situation, and tell the name and telephone number of the alarm person to the fire brigade for contact. After the alarm, the fire truck shall be picked up at the traffic intersection leading to the fire scene by himself or by someone assigned; Second, call the police early to buy time for fire fighting and reduce losses.
Call for help: Fire: 119
2. The causes of fire accidents include: arson, electrical, illegal operation, careless use of fire, playing with fire, smoking, spontaneous combustion, lightning strike and other factors such as earthquake, wind disaster, etc.
3. Fire: refers to the burning phenomenon that loses control in time and space and causes certain harm, which is called fire.
4. According to the burning substances and characteristics, fires are divided into four categories: A, B, C and D
Class A refers to fire caused by combustible solid materials; Class B refers to liquid fire and molten solid fire; Category c refers to combustible gas fire; Class D refers to combustible metal fires, such as those involving potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, lithium, aluminum alloys, etc.
5. Different extinguishing agents shall be selected according to different types of fires:
① Water, foam and ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent shall be used to extinguish Class A fire. ② Dry powder and foam extinguishing agent shall be used to extinguish Class B fire. Chemical foam extinguishing agent and insoluble foam extinguishing agent shall not be used for extinguishing polar solvent Class B fires. ③ Dry powder and carbon dioxide extinguishing agent shall be used to extinguish Class C fire. ④ 7150 fire extinguishing agent, sand and soil shall be used to extinguish Class D fire.
6. The basic principle of fire prevention is to prevent the occurrence of combustion conditions, prevent the three combustion conditions from combining and acting on each other, and take measures to limit and weaken the development of combustion conditions to prevent the spread of fire, which is the basic principle of fire prevention.
7. The basic measures for fire prevention include: ① control of combustibles. Replace flammable or combustible materials with non combustible or non combustible materials; Adopt local ventilation or total ventilation to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, steam and dust; The articles that can interact and produce chemical reactions shall be stored separately. ② Isolate combustion supporting materials. It means that combustible gas, liquid and solid will not contact with air, oxygen or other oxidants and other combustion supporting materials. Even if they have the function of ignition source, they will not burn because there is no combustion supporting materials involved. ③ Eliminate ignition sources. It is to strictly control open fire, electric fire and prevent fire caused by static electricity and lightning. ④ Prevent the fire from spreading. It is to prevent flame or spark and other ignition sources from entering the equipment, pipeline or space with combustion and explosion risks, or prevent flame from expanding in the equipment and pipeline, or limit the combustion to a certain range without burning outward.
8. The basic principle of fire extinguishing is: according to the basic conditions of combustion, all fire extinguishing measures are to destroy the formed combustion conditions, or stop the chain reaction of combustion to extinguish the fire and control the fire within a certain range, so as to minimize the fire loss.
9. The basic methods of extinguishing fire are:
The cooling fire extinguishing method is to directly spray the extinguishing agent on the burning object, reduce the temperature of the combustible material below the ignition point, and stop the combustion. For example, extinguish the fire with water.
The isolation and fire extinguishing method is to isolate or evacuate the burning objects from the nearby combustible materials to stop the burning.
The suffocation method is to prevent the air from flowing into the combustion area, or dilute the air with incombustible substances, so that the burning substances can be extinguished without oxygen combustion. For example, use foam to extinguish oil fires.
The suppression fire extinguishing method, also known as chemical interruption method, is to make the extinguishing agent participate in the combustion reaction process, so that the free radicals generated in the combustion process disappear, and form stable molecules or low active free radicals, so that the combustion reaction stops. For example, dry powder extinguishing agent can extinguish gas fire.
10. Common fire extinguishers include: dry powder fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher and foam fire extinguisher.
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